矽藻土去除室內TVOC之特性與其效能之探討
Preliminary study of Diatomite to remove
indoor TVOC pollutants
研 究 生：鄭宗誠
指導教授：洪明瑞
中 華 民 國 九 十 九 年 十 月
摘 要
室內揮發性污染物中較為嚴重且具高致癌風險者，一為「總揮發性有
機化合物(Total volatile organic compounds,TVOC)，」另一則為「甲醛
(Formaldehyde)」，而這兩種污染物的來源和室內裝修建材息息相關，如漆
料、夾板、膠合材料以及木質家具等。因此，如何有效降低室內TVOC與
甲醛等污染物，以確保居住的健康，實已成為室內空氣品質(Indoor air
quality, IAQ)研究領域上極待解決與努力的課題。
根據ASTM D5116-97質量轉換機制(蒸發質量傳遞作用、脫附作用、物
質內擴散作用)以及氣體吸附(物理性及化學性)理論，本研究以矽藻土
(Diatomaceous earth, Diatomite)為吸附材料，配合自行開發設計之環控試驗
箱(控溫及控濕)，於實驗室中以採氣袋及氣針模擬定量的TVOC污染源，進
行一系列的矽藻土吸附性試驗(TVOC濃度、矽藻土厚度、溫濕度等參數)，
同時輔以光離子氣體偵測器(Photoionization detector, PID)進行TVOC之量
測與分析。
初步研究成果顯示︰(1)從吸附的效率及材料成本的觀點，塗佈0.2cm
的矽藻土，對於一般室內可能的TVOC 濃度，已具有足夠的處理效能；(2)
矽藻土吸附TVOC 之速率與吸附量，有隨溫度的提高而降低的趨勢，而與
相對濕度的關連性則不明顯；(3)矽藻土顆粒之表面具有極為特殊的孔中孔
構造，成就其高孔隙率、高隙體積、高吸附能力、保水、調濕以及保溫、
隔熱等諸多優異性能。
關鍵字︰矽藻土、總揮發性有機化合物、室內空氣品質
ABSTRACT
Indoor volatile contaminants in the more serious material with high
cancer risk persons, one for total volatile organic compounds, the other is
formaldehyde, the sources of these two pollutants are closely related and
interior decoration materials, such as paints, plywood, laminated
materials, and wood furniture. Therefore, how to reduce the indoor
TVOC and formaldehyde and other pollutants to ensure that healthy
living has become a field of indoor air quality and efforts to be resolved
on the subject.
According to ASTM D5116-97 quality of conversion mechanism
(evaporation mass transfer effect, desorption, diffusion within the
material), and gas adsorption (physical and chemical) theory, this study
uses diatomaceous earth as the absorbent material, with its own
development and design of the environmental controlled chamber
(temperature and moisture control), adopted in the laboratory to simulate
airbag and the gas needle quantitative TVOC sources, a series of
diatomaceous earth adsorption test (TVOC concentration of diatomite
thickness, temperature and humidity Parameters), supplemented by
photoionization detector for the measurement and analysis of TVOC.
Preliminary research results show that, (1)From the adsorption
efficiency and material cost point of view, coating 0.2cm of diatomaceous
earth, possible for the average indoor TVOC concentration, already has
enough processing power. (2)Diatomaceous earth adsorption rate and
adsorption amount of TVOC have with the temperature increasing and
decreasing trend, and relative humidity of the connection is not obvious.
(3)diatomite particle surface with very special hole in a hole in the
structure, achievements of its high porosity, high gap volume, high
adsorption capacity, water conservation, adjust the humidity and heat
insulation, and many other excellent performance.
Keywords: diatomite, total volatile organic compounds, indoor air quality.
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